BIODIVERSITY, HABITAT AND MORPHOLOGY OF MUSHROOM OF DIFFERENT FOREST REGIONS OF BANGLADESH

Abstract

Studies on the biodiversity, habitat and morphology of mushrooms are gaining importance as many macro fungi are becoming extinct and facing threat of extinction because of habitat destruction. Present study deals with the biodiversity, habitat and morphology of mushroom grown in leaved, deciduous and mixed forest of Bangladesh. More than 117 samples were collected from nine selected districts of Bangladesh viz. Bari sal, Borguna, Patuakhali, Perojpur, Jhalokathi, Bandorban, Dhaka, Gazipur and Tangail. More than 85% annual rainfall, mean daily temperature ranges between 29 to 31(Ie and relative humidity more than 80% is received during the monsoon period (June to September). Soil pH ranges in between 6 to 6.5. Sandy clay, .clayand .clay loam soils are suitable for growing of mushrooms. Maximum Mushrooms grown on natural humus of the forest and maximum hard caped mushrooms such as Ganoderma grown on bark of tree or dead plant as parasite or saprophytes. The size of fructification ranges from 3-4x23 to 20-25x8-10 em. The spore size was measured ranging between 5x3.S to 24x9 pm. In total 20 different species were founded under 14 families viz. Amanitaceae ( Amanita hemibapha, Amanita bisporigera, Amanita rubescens), Pyronemataceae (Aleuria aurantia), Boletaceae (Boletus subvelutipes, Tylopilus badiceps, Retiboletus omatipesy; Agaricaceae (Agaricus sp.), Tricholomataceae (Callistosporium sp.), Marasmiaceae (Gymnopus sp.), Sarcosomataceae (Bulgaria inquinans), Russulaceae (Russula crustosa), Roselliniaceae (Rosellinia sp.), Cortinariaceae (Cortinarius corrugatus), Mycenaceae (Mycena epipterygia), Entolomataceae (Nolanea strictia). Ganodermataceae (Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma apphannatum, Ganoderma tsuage) and Polyporaceae (Polyporus sp.). The maximum frequency of occurrence was exhibited by Ganoderma tsuage (33.33%) and the maximum density was recorded for Ganoderma tsuage (95%). This informative study shows that the forest of Bangladesh is rich in mushroom diversity.